Scholarly discussion of the music of John Cage.

[Ben Judson <>]

So a simple way of saying it would be -- indeterminacy includes both chance-based techniques for composition and performance, and also improvisation in the performance.

On Feb 13, 2013, at 1:09 AM, Russell Goodwin wrote:

I would echo David Miller's position (posted in response earlier) that Chance enters as an approach to Indeterminacy, although Indeterminacy does not have to include chance. Most (if not all) examples of Composer Indeterminacy rely on some form of chance operation or chance determination. In fact, it is hard to envisage one that does not require chance (now, there's a challenge!). Regarding performer Indeterminacy, chance is not a necessary requirement because performer choice may indeed be just that, a deliberate act of choosing.